Signaling system.



c. P. NACHou. SIGNALING SYSTEM. APPLICATION FI'LED OCT. Q. 191'2.

Patented M1124, '1917.

3 SHEETS-SHEET T0 Alex1: STATIQN l ENToR ATTORNEY c. P.. NACHOD.

` S\GNALINC{SYSTEM.

APPLICATION HLED OCTAM 1912.

l' Patentd Apr. 24,1917.

- mesma.

3 SHEETS-SHEET- 3.

Tolall'wko'm z' may concern:

CARL P. NACHOD,

LADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, assmnon 'ro Nacnon SIGNAL comrnmc., ACORPORATION or NEW sronx.Y v

SIGNALING SYSTEM.

Specification Letters Patent.

Application led October 4, 1912. Serial N o. 723,838.

Be it known that l. Cam. P. Naolron, a` citizen of the United States,rcsidinpx in the city of Plliladelphia, countyof P. iladelphia, vandState of Pennsylvania, have 1nvented a newr `and useful SignalingSystem, of which the following a slwcification.

My invention relates to a, signal system adapted to control car or trainmovements upon a railway', and particularly upon air electric railway.

It is the objectief my invention to provide a'signaling system for arailway on which the ca rs or trains travel. in one direction only, asfor example in a double track railway, caution or them. And 1t is thefurther object of my invention in such a system to provide forsuchindications in a manner such that any fail lires in the circuits or.apparatus will cause a minimum of danger: to the traffic.

My invention resides in the system, fea- .tures and` vpparatushereinafter described andclaimed.

For an illustration of some of the forms my vinvention may takereference is to(be had tothe accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1l is a diagram of the circuits and apparatus comprised in oneform-of my i.u vention. l l

Fig. is a vertical elevational View, partly l in section of a semaphoresignal together with a diagram ofyits and apparatus.` i u Fig. 3Y is avertical elevational View, partly in section, of a modified form ofsemaphore signal together 'with a diagram of its controlling circuitsand apparatus.

Fig. 4 is an elementalillustration ot' a controlling circuitsmodification of the semaphore controlling mechanism of Fig. 2.

Referring to Fig. 1, T represents a trolley Wire, third rail, or other'contact conductor of an electric railway system with which vengages a,traveling contact ycarried by a car or train for supplying current tothe motors and other apparatus upon the car or train. (flr the comluctorT may be vsimply a signal system condlflctcu connected with 'a suitablesource of current,` and extending'y along the path of travel of cars ortrains upona steam or other ailway, the car or train in such casecarrying a member which is adapted to opthe system providing stop or iroceed indications, or all ot Patented Apr. 24,191

`crate the several vehicle controlled contacts or switches. A

Disposed alon the railway at suitable intervals are signa'. stations,several of which, for illustrating my invention, are here indicated at1, 2 and 3. The signaling appa.- ratus is preferably the same at eachstation,r and is so here showin corresponding parts at the differentstations `same reference characters with the Vaddition of the subscriptsIi,- Qyand 3 to indicate at which station located. The signalingapparatus at station l will being indicated by the now be descrilnfd, itbeing,r understood that the same descrigivtioi' applies to the signalingapparatus atv the other stations.

In electrical cormnunication withH the corr ductor'l" is a member al.adapted to be engaged by a member car or train, assumed to be from leftto right, and brought into engagenm t with contacts bl and c1. The`contact ci connected with 4one tcrn'iinal of the electILo-Jn'agnetAlwvhose other `terminal is col'mcctetl to earth or return conductorlil. The arniiature d1 of mag-V net A l. is pivoted at its left endandis adapted to engage with wheel el` is secured projection securedupon shaft f1 Upon which h1 normally in contact with the brush lconnected with the conductor T.

terminal of the magnet Hl Whose other ter minal connects to the earth orreturn concarricd by the moving' car or tram movements being.

right end the notched theconductingdisk g1 having the.` i

duc-tor E. The electrodnagnet C1 has one l i of its terminals connectedto the earth or return conductor E' and its other terminal to a,conductor 4 extending to station 2 andv connecting 'with contact h2. Themagnet (l1 is provided with the armature., cl, pivoted at its right endand adapted to engage the notcl'ied wheel c1 with its left end. Themagnet H1 is provided. with.` armatures m1 and nl both electricallyVconnected to the conductor TQ The armature ml is adapted to contactWith either of the contacts o1 or 71]., otbeing 'connected with contactql and with. a conductor 5 which extends vto the first station to theleft, not shown, and there connecting with one terminal of anelectromagnet corresponding" with' electro-magnet y The contact p1connects with one ter- I" .minl ,of a'red incandescent electric lamp R1whose other terminal is connected to earth or return conductor E.Armature a1 is adapted to engage contact r1 connected with contact 81.The electro-magnet. M1 has one terminall connected to earth or returnconductor E and its otherterminah `by conductor 5 extending to station 2and 'connected with the contacts o2 and g2. The

electric lamp G1 whose yother terminal isl connected to the earth orreturn. conductor E. i

While I have shown the magnets H, and

.M, each controlling two armatures, it is to be understood that a singlearmature may bel employed for each magnet, such single armature makingand breaking the same circuits indicated.

When the magnet H1 is energized its armature ml engages contact 01 andits armature lnl engages contact r1; and when ythe' magnet H1 isdenergized its armature m1 drops into engagement with contactpl and itsarmature nl falls away from contact rl. When the magnet M1 is energizedits armature t1 engages contact gland its armature ing its armaturesmland nl to fall, m1 engaging contact pl'thus allowing current to iiowVfrom conductor T through armature m1, contact p1 and red light R1causing the same to glow and give a step or danger sigf 70 nal atstation 1 tofany car or train which may be following. And the armaturem1 having separated from contact o1,4 interrupts l the circuit from theconductor Tthrough the armature m1, contact o1, contact g1, arma,- 75

ture t1, and green lamp G1, thus causing the lamp G1 to cease'to glow.

The red lampl continues to gl'ovi"A so long as the car or train isbetween stations 1 and 2, and when the car or train arrives so atstation' the member- 'a2 isfbrought into engagement with contacts b2 andc2. Current accordingly flows fromV conductor T' through contact b2 andconductor 4 back to station 1 andthroughthe winding of the 35 magnet C1to earth or return conductor E, energizing said magnetCl which thenattracts its armaturev k1 and Asteps the wheel el backwardly'in counterclockwise direct-ion one notch again-bringingrlug h1 into en- 90 A'gagement with brush.V il which again ener- 'gizes the magnet H1,which-then attracts its armatures m1 and n1, vthe former separatingfrcmcontact p1 and rengagmg contact 0l thus interrupting-the circuitthrough 95 the red lamp R1. Simultaneously current flows through contactc2 and the winding of magnety A2 which then attracts its armature (Z2and steps the wheel e2. around one lu1 is held away from contact s1; andwhen magnet M1 is denergized its armaturev t1 separates from'contact g1and its armature u1 engages contact s1. f

The operationfis as follows:

When there is noV car or train between lstations 1 and 3, the parts areinthe'posinotch separating lug h2 from cbrush i2. 1'00 This causesdenergization of magnet' allowing armatures m2 and .n2 to drop, the

former closing the circuit through redilamp -V R2 through contact p2 andbreaking the cir- 40' `cuit through the green lamp G 2 at contact 10'5tions shown in Fig. 1 and the green lights G1, G2 and G3 are illuminated'ving green signals at the three stations in icating that the blocks ator near whose entry they are located are clear, so that a car or'trainmay proceed.

If now a car or train pass station 1 from yleft to right into the blockbetween stations 1 and 2, the member al is brought into engagement'withcontacts b1 and' 01 allowing 'current `to flowv from conductor T throughcontact 51 and the conductor 4 leading back to the C magnet at thestation in the rear and through contact c1 through the winding of magnetA1 to the earth or v returnconductor E,A energizing magnet A1 which thenattracts its armature Z1 which steps the notched wheel el around onenotch in a clockwise direction. This movement of the wheel el rotatesthe conducting disk gl in like direction withdrawing the lug h1 fromContact. with brush l thus inti'errupting the circuit through thewinding of the magnet- Hlwhich is accordingly denergized allowo2, Theseparation of armature-fm2 from' contact' o2 accordingly interruptsthefcircuit -from conductor. T,"through fm2; contact o2, and conductor 5extending back to ma et M1. Magnet M l is accordingly denergized anddrops its armatures t1 and u1, t1 in separating from contact g1interrupting the circuit of the green lamp G1, notwithstanding the factthat the armature m1 has rengaged contact 01. Y The'armature nl having115 also rcngaged contact '1"1, and armature u1 having dropped andengaged contact s1, current flows from conductor T through armature nl,contact r1, contact .91, armature u1,

through yellow lamp Y1 to learth or return 120 comluctorE, thus causingthe lamp to glow and give a caution indication. Accordingly we havedisplayed at 'station 1 a caution signal Y1, at station Q the stop ordanger signal R2, and at station 3 the green clear 125 or. proceedsignal G3. K l

And the signals remain in this condition until the car or train reachesstation 3 where it causes member a3 to engage contacts b3 and c3.yCurrent will now flow, from conflow from conductor T through armaturem2, contact 02, conductor hack to magnet l energizing the same toattract it.' arma tures k151` and u1. Accordingly u1 separatesfromlcontact s1 breaking the circuit of the yellow lamp Y1 and armaturetl engages contact ,o1 restahlishing circuit through lamp G1 4which nowglows and gives a clear or proceed signal.

Current simultaneously Hows through contact c3 and the winding of magnetA23 energizing the sinne to attract its armature d3 which stepsthewlieel c3 around one notch ini clockwise direction 25 separating lngh3 from brush 'i3 thus dcenergizing magnet H3 allowing armatures m3 andn3 to drop. As a result armature m3 separates from contact `o? breakingthe circuit through the green lainI mature m3 engages contact L713closing cir- ,cuit throughthe red lamp R3 which now glows and gives aAnd since armature m3 has separated.from contact o3the circuit throughconductor 5 extending hack to magnet .MQ is broken de-`eiiergizinginagnet M2 and lallowing armau tures t2 yand 112 to dropcausing a further break in the circuit of the Igreen lainp (l2 and theclosure of circuit at contact 82 through the yellow lamp YQ which nowVglows and gives a caution signal. Accordingly we have at station il a'clear or proceed signal G1, at station i. alcantion. signal Y2 andarstation a red atop or dan tilger signal R3 displaying.

l And so on as the car or train proceeds along the railway itdiscontinues the clear or proceed signal as it enters a block and sets astop or ydanger signal, and changes the stop or danger signal at theentry to the block in the rear to a caution or yellow signaland at theentry tothe :second block in the rearchangcs the caution or yellowsignal to a green clear or proceedsignal.

If more than one car or train enters a block, as, for example, hypassing and actuating the meinher al, on` entering actuates the wheel e1one notch to lremove lug hl. from engagement with hrush z'l.interrupting thefcircuit of the magn'etlll, as prcvjiously described,and eaclr succeedingcar or train causes the wheel c1 `to b .steppedaround a further notch 'in the saine direction, but without anydifferent 'h2 effect `upon the magnet H1, the lug h1 be-` p G3, and arfstop or danger signal. A

the first car or train o the nieinlier o2 caused tenfipoiaryei'iergizationl of the magnet Cl, as 'rei'iously de ecrilocrl, to stepthe wheel el l'iaclrwaial one vnotch. And each car or train .leaving thel'ilockiniuses teml'iorary energization of the magnet Cl, Iuntil thelast car or train has returned the wheel el to .its normal potus'is suchthat cars are counted into and out of a, block and not until the lastcar leaves thediloclc is the wheel c1 restored. to

f its normal condition.

The effect is that car counting occurs as desta-ihed, and with the entryof the `tiret ear to the block the-green light G1 extinguished and thered or stop, signal Rl `cnw-gi:ted and it remains so energized. untilthe last car has left tlieliloclc when the red or stop signal will bechanged to a yellow or caution signal.

lt' a car or train has entered a block, as,

, for example, hy lia'ssing the nieinocr o2 'it causes the signaloperation as hereinbetore described. lf then it should hack ort of theblock in reverse direction past the member a2, that meinlzer will be`brought into engagement withcontacts o2 and rc2 causing current to`flow from conductor T through contact fait and conductor 4 to energizeniagnet (l2 to step the wheel c2 liiaclrward one notch canceling theeffect upon, the wheel e2 caused hy 'the entry of the car into. thel'iloclr ast hy bringing the rneinher a9. into en gagcnient with thecontact c2. A current will siiliultancoiisly flow from'condilctor Tthrough contact ce2-hack through conductor (l tothe station inthe rearand through magnet A1 stepping the wheel ci around in a clockwisedirection to produce a-state of affairs the same as if the carA hadpassed meinl'ier o1 hut had not passed memher`a2 into the second block.

From the liereinlicfore described system it will appear that failure ofcircuits'or inagnets will always result in a. atop signal beingdisplayed, or at least in the dis]'ilaying of a signal less favorablefor trainy movement .than l'iermittcd hy the signal showing hefore thefailure; Thus 'it' when hoth magnets H, and M, should he energized,eitherfailsythe green signal will he discontinued andeither -a redsignal oi' a yellow 'g'nal will he disl'ilayed, according the Il, or

he displayed.

In Fig.- 2,1 have shown an arrangement where arthreepositionscinal'ihore with three lam-ps of Fig. l and magnetscorresponding l i o i N f with magnets H1,M1 of Fig. l, are em- .sitionshown. InL other words the apparaq M, magnetV ahovc fails; or if'liothfalla red signaliwill tias , differently Acolored or spectacles is f lemployed in place ofthe electric signal' i nal of both magnetsorsolenoids M and H.

The other terminal of the winding of solenoid M connects with conductor8 extending to a switch controlled by the H magnet or solenoid at thenext station to the right. The other terminal of thefwinding of solenoidH connects with contact 1: connected to conductor 9 in turn connected tothe conductor T. Opposed to the contact is the' contact y connected toconductor 8 which extends to the left to the preceding station andconnects to one terminal of the winding of solenoid M at the precedingstation. The solenoid M is pivoted at 10 upon the casing l1 forming thebase or pedestal for the semaphore mast 12 to which the semaphore 13 ispivoted at 14.- The core or armature 15 of the solenoid M is pivotcd at1G to 'the joint between the two links 17 and 1S, forming a toggle, thelink 17 being pi'voted at its other end at 19 to/the bottom of the rod2O extending upwardly through the mast 12 and provided at its upper endwith a rack 21meshing with the gear 22 which in turn meshes with thegear 23 secured to the semaphore 13 and having the pivot 14; as its axisof rotation. The link 18 is pivoted at 24 to the link 25 pivoted at 2Gto the linlY 27 pivoted at 28 to the casing 11 or other fixed abutment.The links and 27 also form a toggle, and the pivot pin 2l is guided inthe vertical slot 29 in the fixed member 30. The core or armature 31 ofthe solenoid H is pivoted to the toggle links 27 at 2 6, and thesolenoid H is itself pivoted at 32 to the casing 11 or other fixed part.The solenoid M has a coarse wire winding and a fine wire connected inseries with each other, the coarse wire winding being at the end nearerthe pivot 10. At the joint between the coarse and line wire windings aconnection isV made by conductor 33 with the contact 3'4- opposed to.which is the contact connected to the remaining terminal of the finewire winding which also connects with the conductor S.

In the position shown the contacts 34 and are in electricalcommunication with each other through the core or a conducting ringcarried thereby and insulated thcrei'rom.

' Accordingly the fine wire winding is shortcircuited.' The magnet orsolenoid H also has coarse and line wire windings arranged similarly tothose of solenoidM. One ter- "which are in electrical communication witheach other in the position shown thus shortcircuiting the line wirewinding. The solenoid M carries a bracket or l, projection 3S whichsupports the contacts 34 and 35 to cause them to remain in fixedrelation' with respect to the solenoid M notwithstanding its movementupon the pivot 10. And similarly the solenoid H has a bracket 39 which Aenergized a comparatively large current will iowvthrough its coarse wireWinding producinga powerful magnetic field which will l .so

attract its core toward the right. The movement of the core causes astraightening out of the associated toggle which accordingly causes`anupward thrust upon the rod 20 which causes through Athe rack and gears aclockwise rot-ation of the semaphore 13' about its pivot 14. Near or atthe completion of 'the stroke of the core the short-circuit of the linewire winding is broken, bringing ythe fine wire winding into series withthe coarse `wire winding, greatly reducing the current strength, whichcurrent strength is however siliiicient to hold the core in itsattracted position and therefore the toggle in its straightenedposition. The arrangement is such that neither toggle will be completelystraightened but will be slightly undertraveled, or under-set'.

It will be understood therefore that when both solenoids M and H arede'energized, the condition illnstratedin F ig. 2, the semaphore 13 willbe in the' horizontal position indicating 'stop or danger, being biasedto such position by gravity. If one of the solenoids is energized, itsassociate toggle will be extended and give suiiieient upward movementtothe rod 20 to cause the sema` phore 13v to take a positionsubstantially midway toward the vertical, that is at substantially 45with the horizontal, to give a caution signal. And when both solenoidsare energized both toggles are extended. causing a further upwardmovement of the rod 20 suiiicient to bring the semaphore 13 to avertical position, indicating clear or proceed. 4

As illustrated in Fig. 2, it is assumed that iis a ear or train haspassed into the block bev tween stations 1 and 42having brought memberinto engagement with contact 01 to energize magnet A1 to step thenotched wheel e1 around one notch to separate lug h1 from brush i1 andtherefore denergizing .i

both solenoids M and H, allowing the semaphore to move to the positionshown to give a stop, or danger signal. `When the semaphore is in thisposition the red glass or spectacle4 Li" is in front of lamp l40 therebyshowing a red light to give a stop or danger signal. Vhen the train orcarpasses into the nextblock the member a2 is broughtl into engagementwith contact b2 causin c urrent tollow from conductor T throug contactb2 conductor 4 back to station yl and thence through the lwinding ofmagnet C1 .to step they wheel c1 backwardly one notch to bring lug h1into contact .with brush il. This will allow current to flow from conductor Tthrough conductor-9 through the coarse wire winding oli`solenoid H ener gizing the'same to extendtoggle 25, 27 and .move thesemalgihore 13 to the 45 or caution position. The solenoid. M notsimultaneously `energized because the circuit vof the winding isbrokenthrough conductor 8 at contacts at' and y of solenoid H at station2, for, on the entry of the car or train to the block to the right ofstation 2 caused the deenergization of both `solenoids M and II atstation 2. 'Due to theeneigization of sole# noid H at station 1` "thecontact, bridging contacts 36 and1`37 in the position shown., is movedtothe right with'the core 31-to ln'idge-- lcontacts mandy. Accordinglywhen they car or" train enters the next vblock to the rightat stationnot "shown, the H solenoid at station 2 will be energized to give arcaution signal at station 2 and' will allow current toilowirom conductorT through conductor 9 at station 2 through contaurtsm` and y andthrough'the conductor 8V ,back `to i Station 1 an(1 then through thewinding of solenoid M to conductor "i". to lug hl'andbrush l to earth Eat station 1 energizing solenoid M at station 1. It being rememberedthat solenoid H was prevlously encrgized, now both .solenoids areenergized, semaphore 13 at statmn 1 will take the Ver- -tical positiongiving a clear or proceed indi-` cation. I. .s

. And on throughout the travel' of 'a car or 'train along the railway.the semaphore at the entrance to a block will take the horizontalposition; the semal'ihore at the en;

l trance to the block in the rear will take the tions.

450 position; and the semaphore at'- the `entranceltoythe second blocklin the rearwill take thefrertical position.

Then the semaphore takes the 45 posi-r cured to .semaphole 13 biased bygravity to thepositionshown,*twill move the semaphore to` thecaution orclear or proceed posl- Thecam is soshaped that the initial pull on chainl1 duringthe first] part of solenoid core movement acts. througi agreater leycr arm than during later stages of core movement. The cord orchain 41 is secured at its lower end toy the core 15 ofsolenoid M whichhas coarse and line `wire windings," the coarse winding Ybeing the lowerof the two. vWhen the solenoid M is deinergizednas shown. the fine wirewinding 1s short-c1rcu1ted through contacts 31 and 35,- and when thesolenoid M is energi'zedthe attraction of its core 15 downa wardlybrings insulation betweenocontacts 34 and 35 to brealrtheshort-circuitof the fine wire winding, throwing the same into serieswith the coarse winding-the` current thenl bein suliicient to*` hold thecore 15 attrcfed. he solenoid M is secured to and supported upon thecore 31 Vof the lower solenoid H which is fixed with respect to thepedestal of casing '11. The solenoid H .has

coarse and fine windings, the coarse winding being the lower of thetwo,and the line wire winding is short-circuited when solenoid H isdenergimad,` as shown, through contacts 36 and 37; and when thesolenoidv H is energized after suitable'movement of its 'core 31downwardly insulation is brought bertween contacts 36 and 37 to breakthe 'shortcircuit of the'ne wire winding, throwing the same intoserieswith the coarse winding, the resultant magnetism being sulllcientto retain the `core 31 attracted. The circuit arrangementsare the sameas those illus trated in connection with Fig. 2. Whenthe .solenoid H isenergized, itl attracts its core 31 downwardly carrying with it theysolenoid M, a pull. being transmitted throu .h

core 15 to cord or chain 41 to move tie lsemaphore l5 to the 45 orcaution position.

Then the solenoid M is thereafter energized il'. attracts its' core 15downwardly exerting a further pull upon the chain 41 which moves thesemaphore 13 to the vertical position indicating clear or proceed. Theorder of` energization of solenoids M and H and of the denergization of.bothV of them, is the Same as described in connection with Fig. 2.

In Fig. 4 a double toggle arrangement is shownfor exerting a pull uponchain or cord 4-1'to` perform the same operation per formed by the chainvor oord 41 of Fig. 3. ln this case toggles 17, 18 ,and 25, 27 areactuated by solenoid cores 15 and l31. resliectively, as shown in Fig.2. ere how ever the r`pivot 19 isstationaiy in thebracket 43 securedupon the pedestal ory casing "11. The pivot 24 is guided in slot 29'inthe fixed member 30, and the lower pivot28 slides in the slot 44 in thefixed. member 30. Thus when core 31is attracted' by solenoid H thetoggle 25. 27 isextended thrusting the pivot'QS; to which the lower endof 'the chain or-cord 41 is attached, downwardly pulling downwardly uponthecord or chain 31 and moving the semaphore to thecau tion or 450position. When thereafter core railway, an electro-magnet controlled by'is attracted by solenoid M, toggle '17', 18

is extended pushing the previously extended toggle 2.5, 27 downwardly,'the pivots 24 and 28 moving downwardly in slots 29 Aand 4A respectivelycausing a further pull upon the cord or chain 41 to move thesemaphore'to the vertical position indicating clear or proceed. p

While I have herein shown certain means and arrangements for carryingoutmy invention, it is to be understood that many modifications may beresorted to without departing from the spirit' and principle of myinvention.

What I claim is: Q f 1. The combination with a' vehicle controlledswitch and ablok or section of a i` said switch, a step-by-step switchcontrolled by'sa'id magnet, a clear or proceed signal,

second and third electro-ma ets normally cooperating to display said cear or proceed signal, asecond signal, said second electromagnet' beingcontrolled by said step-bystep Aswitch to discontinue display' of said-clear or proceed signal and to cause the display of said second signal.

2. The combination with a vehicle controlled switch and a block orsection of a railway, an electro-magnet controlled by said switch, astep-byfstep switch controlled by saidl magnet, a clear or proceed"signal,

second and third electro-magnets normally' cooperating to display saidclear or display signala second signal, said second electromagnet beingcontrolled by said stepby-step l switch to discontinue display of saldclear -"operating vto display said clear or display Signal, asecondsignal, lsaid Asecond electromagnet being controlledby saidstep-by-step switch to discontinue display of said clearor proceedsignal and' to cause the display of railway,

`said second signal, signaling apparatus at another station comprising'an automatically controlled switch, lsaid third electro-magl'netcontrolled. by said lastl named switch, and a third signal displayed inrcsponse'to "normal condition of said second electro-magnet and abnormalcondition of' said third electrofmagnet. f

4. The combination with a Vehicle con- Atrolled switch and a block'orsection of a an electro-magnet `controlled, by lsaid switch,astepfby-step switch controlled b'y'said magnet, a clear or proceedsignal, 'I

second and third electro-magnets normally coop-"rating to display Saidfcear ordisplay signal, asecond signal, said second electr magnetbeingcontrolled by said step-by-step switch to discontinue display ofsaid clear or proceed signal and `to cause'the display of said secondsignal, signaling apparatus at another station comprising anautomaticallyk controlled switch, said second electro-magnet beingnormally energized through said l step-by-step switch, and said thirdelectromagnet being normally energized through' said automaticallycontrolled switch atl another-station. n 5. The combination with aVvehicle controlled switch and a block or section-of a railway, as1gnal,'normally energized eleetromagnets cooperating to causethedisplay'of said signal, a second'signal, means controlled by saidvehicle controlled switch upon the entry of a car or train into saidblock or section Vfor denergizing one of .said electromagnets, meansresponsive to dcnergization of said electro-magnet for vcausing displayof said second signal and for discontinuing the displar of said firstsignal a third signal, an means responsive tol entry of a car or train.into the block or section in advance of said firstnamed blockV or-section causing renergization of said electro-magnet and denergizat'ionof another of` said electro-magnets to cause the display of saidv thirdsignal and discontinuation of thedis-4 play of said second signal, andmeans responsive to the .entry of a car or train tinto' ,the block orsection in advance of 4said second Lblock or section to reestablishdisplay of said first signal a'nddiscontinue the display ot'vsaid thirdsignal. c t

6. The combination with 'a vehicle controlled switch `and ,a block orsection of a railway, ot an electro-.magnet 'controlled thereby, asecond switch controlled by'said electro-magnet, a second electro-magnetcontrolled by said second switch, a signal, a

third elcctrofmagnetin normal condition col operating with said secondelectro-magnet to display said signal, said second switch operated inresponse to control ofsaid first magnet by said first switch upon theentry of a car or train into said block or sectionhto discontinuecooperation between said second and third electro-magnets toldiscontinue vdisplay of said |signal, a. second signal brought todisplay in response to said opera.- tion of said second electro-magnet,a third signal, and means responsiveto. entry of a caror train into ablock 'or section inY ad-- vance of said'first 4named block or sectionrestoring said second switch and second electro-magnet totheir previous'conditionsk and changing said-th1rd `'elee'ctroinaguet" from itsnormal4 condition, and means rel gsponsive tothe ,restoration of? saidsegI-l.

. fsaid'signal, said first electro-magnet shifting said second switchupon the entry of a .car or train into said block or section todeenergize said second eleqtro-magnet, asecond signal, means displayingsaid second signalV upon the denergization of said second,electro-magnet and discontinuing disof said first signal, `a thirdsignal, uit ns responsive to the entry of a car or Qt 1h into the blockor section in advance of Vsaid first named block or section renergizm0'said electroanagnet and denergizing said thlrd electro-magnet, and,means responsive to such altered conditions of said second and thirdelectro-magnets displaying said third signal.

8. In a signaling system, similar signal ing apparatus at each-of aplurality of separated stations` said apparatus at one stationcomprising a vehicle controlled switch, an electro-magnet controlled bysaid switch, a second switch controlled bysaid electromagnet, a second'eleetijqfiiiagnct controlled by -said 'second switch'fatiiirdelectro-mag net controlled by the second electro-magnet at anotherstation, a plurality'of signals and means at said one stationdispla ingone or,

another ot said signals controlled `by said second and thirdelectro-magnets, and a fourth. electro-magnet forre- .orlng sald secondswitch.

9. In a signaling system, similar .signaL' ing apparatus at each of aplurality of separated stations` said apparatus at one stationcomprising a vehicle controlled switch, an electro-magnet controlled bysaid switch, a second switch controlled by said electromagnet, a secondelectro-magnet controlled by said second switch, a third electroniagsecond switch. sai(v1 first electro-magnet heing controlled by roi-wardmovement of a car or vehicle at the same station and by backwardmovement of a car or tram at a neighboring/station.

10. In asignaling system, similar-signaling apparatus at each of aplurality of separated stations` said apparatus at one stationcomprising a vehicle controlled switch, an electro-magnet controlled bysaid switch, a Vsecond switchvv controlled by said electro-A niagnet,asecond electro-magnet controlled by said second switch, a thirdelectro-magnet controlled by the second electro-niagnet at anotherstation. a plurality of signals and means controlled by said second andthird electro-magnets for displaying one or another o'f said signals,and a fourth electro:

'magnet for restoring said second switch,

said .fourth electro-magnet controlled by backward movement of a car ortrain at the same station and by the forward movement of a car or trainat a neighboring station.

11.*'l`he combination witlra vehicle con-V trolled switch, of signalapparatus at a station comprising means for giving a plurality of signalindications, electro-magnets at the same station having independentmagnetic circuits and'normally coperating to control said means to givea clear or pro ceed indication, one of said electro-magnets beingcontrolled by said vehicle controlled Vswitch to ali'ect said means todiscontinue said clear or proceed indication and to give another of saidsignal indications. and signaling apparatus at another station com`prising similarly cooperating electro-inagnets',' a switch controlled byone of said last named magnets, a second of said vfirst-named coperatingelectromagnets controlled. by

said last named switch at said other station.

12. The' combination With a vehicle con- :trolled switch, r i.

station comprising a step-by-step switch controlled by said switch,means for giving a plurality of signal indications, a pair ofelectro-magnets coperating to control said means, one of saidelectro-magnets controlled hy said step-by-step switch to affect saidmeans to change the signal indication, and a `"chicle controlled switchat another station controlling said step-by-s'tep switch and controllingthe other of said electromagnets to affect said means to give anothersignal indication.

13. The combination with a vehicle controlled switch, of signalingapparatus at a Station comprising a `step-bystep switch controlled bysaid switch, means for giving a plurality of signal indications, a pairof normally energized electro-magnets coperating to control said meansto givowa signal indication, one of said electro-magnets controlled bysaid vehicle controlled stephy-step lswitch to affect said means to givea different indication, and a vehicle controllefl switch at anotherstation controlling d other of said electrofmagnets Vto atl'ect saidmcans to give ariothei'signal indication.

14. The combination with a 'vehicle 'coni trol'led switch, of signalingapparatus at a signaling apparatus at a station comprising means forgiving a plurality of signal indications, an electro-magnet control-ledby said switch, a second switch controlled by said electro-magnet, .apair of electromagnets cooperating withe'ach other to controlsaid means,said second switch controllin one of said electro-mag nets to aiiect saimeans to give a different signal indication, a switch at another`station controlling said second'switch and con.-

, trolling the second magnet of said pair to affect said means to giveanother signal indication.

15. The combination with a vehicle controlled'switch, of signalin.apparatus at a station comprising means or giving a plurality ofsignalindications, an electro-magnet' controlled by said switch, a secondswitch controlled by said electro-magnet, a pair of electro-magnetscooperating with each other to control said means, said second switchcontrollin fone of said electro-magnets to affect sai means to give adifferent si al indication, a switch and a second pair o electromagnetsat anotherstation, having the same functions respectively as theelectro-magnets of said first pair, said last' named switch controllingthe second magnet .of said rst named pair to affect said means sotrollingone of said electro-magnetsto a'ect said means to. give a stopsignal, and the second agnet of a air controlled from another@ tation toa ectsaid means to give a y caution signal. l

17. The combination' with a block orsection of a railway, of vehiclecontrolled switches at diii'erent points thereof, a stepby-step switch,means for moving said switch in one direction controlled by one of saidvehicle controlled switches by train movement in one direction and byanother of said vehicle controlled switches by train movement inoppositedirection, and signaling means controlled by said switch.

18. The combination with 'a block or section of a railway, of vehiclecontrolled switches at different points thereof, a switch, means formoving said swich in one direction controlled b one of said vehiclecontrolled switches y train movement lin one direction and by another ofsaid vehicle controlled switches by. train movement in oppo- 've a clearor prosite direction, means for producing a plurality of signalindications, an electro-magnet controlled by said switch, and a secondelec-` tro-magnet coperating with said electro- Jnagnet to control saidmeans.

19. The combination with a block or section of a railway, of vehiclecontrolled switches at different points thereof, a switch,

means for actuating said switch in one di` rectlon controlled by one ofsaid vehicle controlled switches by train movement in one direction andby another of said vehicle con trolled switches by train movement inoppo site direction, means for producing a plurality of'signalindications, an electro-magnet controlled by said switch, a secondelectro-v magnet normally coperating with said electro-magnet to causesaid means to give a signal indication, actuation of said switch'causing said means to give another signal indication, and meanscontrolling said second `electromagnet to coperate' with said rstelectro-magnet after said actuation of said switch to cause said meansto give a' third signal indication.

20. The 'combination with@l block orscc'- tion of "a railway, of vehiclecontrolled.

switches at diii'erent points thereof, a switch, means for actuatingsaid switch in one direction lcontrolled by one of said vehicle con-995trolled switches by train movement in one direction and by another ofsaid vehicle controlled switches by train movement inoppositedirectlon,means'for producing a plurality of signal indications, an electro-magnetcontrolled by'said switch, a second electro.

magnet normally coperating with said electro-magnetto cause said meansto give a sig,- nal indication, actuation of said switch causing saidmeans to give vanother signal indication, and a remote switchcontrolling said second electro-magnet to coperate with said firstelectro-magnet after actuation o f said switch to cause said means togive a third signal indication.

21. In a si naling system, means for giv ing a plura ity of signalindications, a switcln'a pair of electro-magnets normally coperating' tocause said means to ive a` signal indication, the first of said eectromagnets controlled by said switch, a remote switch, the` second ofsaid electro-magnets controlled by said remote switch, means foractuating said first named switch to control said first magnet to causesaid means to give a second signal indication, control of said switches,said electro-magnets when both energized producing a signal indication,said first magnet when denergized producing a second signal indication,and. said second electro-magnet when denergized coperating with saidfirst magnet when energized to` produce a. third signal indica.tion, themagnetic circuits of said electro-rnagnets being independent of e'achother. 4

23. 'In a signaling system, a switch, a pair of'electro-magnets normallyco )erating to produce a signal indication, the rst of saidelectro-magnets controlled by said switch, a

remote switch, thesecond of said e1ectro magnets controlled by saidremote switch, means foractuating said first named switch to controlsaid firstmagnet to produce a second signal indication, control of saidsecond electro-magnet 'by'said remote switch when said firstelectro-magnet is in normal condition producing a third signalindication,.and electro-magnets responsive to vehicle movements inopposite directions for actuating said first named switch in oppositedirections.

24. In a with a switch, of anelectro-magnet normally energizedtherethrough, a remote switch, a second electro-magnet normallyenergized therethrough, means for actuating said switches, saidelectro-magnets when both energized produclng a signal indication,

i said first magnet when denergized producing a second signalindication, said Second electro-magnet when denergized coperating withsaid first magnet when energized to produce a. third signal indication,and electro-magnets responsive. to vehicle movements in oppositedirections for actuating said first named switch in opposite directions.

25. In a signaling system` the combination with a switch, of a magnetfor actuating the same in one direction in response to vehicle movementin one direction at agiven point and in response to vehicle movement inopposite direction at another point, a second electro-magnet foractuating said switch in' opposite direction in response to. vehiclemovements opposite to said aforementioned vehicle movements at saidpoints, and signaling apparatus controlled by said switch.

26. In a signaling system, the combi nation with a switch` of a magnetfor actuatin,f ,r the same in one direction in response to rehklemovement ,in one direction at a given point and in response to Vehicle,movement in opposite direction at another point, a second electro-magnetfor actuating said switch in opposite direction in response to vehiclemovements'opposite to said aforementioned vehicle movements at saidpoints, an electromagnet controlled by said switch, means forproducing aplurality of signa indications, a second electro-magnet. and a remoteswitch controllingr said second electro-magnet.

signaling system, the combination- 27. In a signaling system, signalinga pa'-v ratus comprising at one station a 'paix'.o co-V operatingelectro-magnets, a signalwircuit controlled by said .electro-magnet-when'both are energized, another signal circuitl controlled by saidelectro-magnets when ,one

a thir signal'circuit controlled by one. o sald electro-magnets solelywhen dener- Y gized, the magnetic circuits of said electro- 4'lof isener ized and the other denergized, anfy controlled by saidelectro-magnets when one is energized and the other denergized, a thirdsignal circuit controlled by one of said electro-magnets solely whendenergized, a switch at the same station controlling one of saidelectro-magnets, and a switch at another station controlling the otherof said electromagnets, the magnetic circuits of said electro-magnetsbeing independent of each other. 4

29. In a signaling systeaA -i. =n:ling apparatus comprising` at onestation a pair of cooperating electrol gnets, a signal circuitcontrolled by sam electro-magnets when both are energized. anothersignal circuit controlled by said electro-magnets when one is energizedand the other denergized, a third signal circuit controlled by one ofsaid electro-magnets solely when deinergized, a step-by-step switch atthe samestation controlling one-of said electro-magnets, and a switch atanother station controlling the other' n'f said electro-magnets.

30. In a signaling system, signaling apparatus at each of a plurality ofstations, comprising a pair of electro-magnets, a switch at the samestation with and controlling the first of said electro-magnets, meansvfor normally energizing said firstelectromagnet through said switch, a.signal controlling switch controlled by said electromagnet for normallygiving a certain' indication, vehicle operated means for opening thefilst mentioned switch to produce a second indication of the signalingmeans, a`

switch controlled by the first electro-magnet by the first of saidelectro-magnets at that station, signaling means controlled by said.magnets a switchat one station controlled iso switch and normallygiving a certain indication, 'vehicle controlled means for de-'energizing said first electro-magnet to produce asecond indication ofthe signaling means, a. switch controlling the second of saidelectro-magnets and controlled by the first electro-magnet at anotherstation, means for denergizng said first electro magnet'` at said secondstation to cause'de- A energization of the second electro-magnet at thefirst station, to produce in conjunction with the denergization of thefirst electromagnet at the first station a third` indication of saidsignaling means.

' 32. In a signaling system, signaling appa- .ratus at eachof aplurality of'stations comprising a -pair of electro-magnets, a'switch atthe same station controllin the first .,of'

said electro-magnets, a signacontrolling switch controlled by saidiirstelectro-magnet, a switch controlled by the firs't electro- -magnet atanother station controlling the second electro-magnet at said samestation,

tro ling the first of said electro-magnets, a-

stepping electro-magnet for said step-bystep switch, a vehiclecontrolled switchat the same st'ation with and controlling said steppingelectro magnet, a signal controlling switch controlled by the firstofsaid pair of electro-magnets, and a switch controlled'by the first ofsaid pair of electro-magnets at another station controlling the secondof said pair -of electro-magnets at said first mentioned station.

34. In a 'signaling system, signaling apparatus at each of aplurality ofstations comprising a air of electro-magnets, a step-byste switc at thesame station with and rontro ling the' first of said electro-magnets,signal controlling switches controlled by said electro-magnets, a switchcont-rolledby the first electro-magnet at' another station controllingthe second electro-magnet at the first mentioned .statiornand meansresponsive to vehicle movemcnts in opposite directions for actuatingsaid step-by-step switch in. opposite directions.

35. In a signaling system, step-by-step signal controlling mechanism ateach of a plurality of static s, said step-by-stcp mechanismcomprisingele tro-.magnets :for actuating the same in oppgsite directionsyand anassociated vehicle-'controlled,switch responsive to yehcle mpvemefit inone direction for controllln one pf said magnets for moving Saidstepy-ste'p mechanism in one direcat another station controlling theother of tionfand simultaneously controlling a magl net at anotherstation for moving the step.- by-step mechanism thereat in opposltedirection, said switch' being responsive to vehlcle movement in oppositedirection for coutrol- 7o ling one of said electro-magnets.

36. In a si ialing system, step-by-step signal control ing mechanismateach of a. plurality of stations, said step-by-step mechanismcomprising electro-magnets ifor actuy ating the same 1n oppositedirections., and an associated vehicle controlled switch responsive tovehicle movement in one direction for controlling one of said magnetsfor moving said step-by-step mechanism in one direction andsimultaneously controlling a magnet at another station for moving thestep-by-step mechanism ther-eat in oppositedirection, said vehiclecontrolled contact in lresponse to vehicle movement in opposite g5direction controlling the others of said magnets at said stations.

37. The combination with a vehicle oontrol'led .s\vi tch,"of athree-indication signaling means, a pair of 4electro-magnets whose 90magnetic circuitsjare independent of each other, said, electro-magnets'being located at the same `station movable means for each of said pairof electro-magnets and respec- .tively controlled thereby, controllingsaid signaling mea ns, said switch controlling one o said pair ofelectro-magnets, each of said movable means having tivo operativepositions only, a second vehicle controlled switch said air ofelectro-magnets, 'whereby said signa ing means mav be caused to give anyone of its three indications dependent upon the positions of saidmovable means.

38. Signaling means comprising the combination with a vehicle controlledswitch, of a pair of electro-magnets, three signals, indicating danger,caution and safety respectively, a pair'of switches controlled by saidelectro-magnets respectively, said danger signal being controlled by oneof said switches only and each of the other two si nals beingcontrolled' by both of said. switches,fdcnergzation of the one of saidmagnets which controls said one of said switches causing said dangersignal to be displayed. A

39. Signaling means comprising the combination with a vehicle controlledswitch, of a pair of electro-magnets, one-of which is 120 controlled byysaid vehicle controlled switch, three signals indicating danger, cautionand salfcty respectively, a pair of switching mechanisms controlled bysaid electro magnets respectively, said danger signal being 125controlled by one of said switching' 'mechanismsonlyand each of theother two signals being controlled by both of said switching mechanismsconjointly, means for normally energizing said electro-magnets, saidswtch- 13o of said electro-magnets which controls said eaeertwo'signalsbeing controlled ,byr'bo'th `ol said. switchin safetyrespectively, a pair of sivitchin'g' is controlled one of said switchingmechanisms will cause the danger. signal to be displayed.

` 40. Signaling means comprising the combination witha vehiclecontrolled switch, cfa pair ofelectro-magnets, onev of which by saidvehicle controlled switch, three signals indicating danger, caution andsafety respectively a "pair of ,switching mechanisms controllediby said.electro-magnets `respect'n'fely,""said danger 'signal being controlled--byjone of` said hintching mechanisms only and each of the mechanisms,means jfor normally energizing sa1drele`ctro-nagnets`,

said'switching mechanisms being so connect-v ed 'with lsaid signals thata denergization of either of said electro-magnets -will pre-l vent the'display of the safety'sign'al.

apair of electro-ragnets, oneofwhion-fis controlled by said vehiclecontrolledswitch,` three signals indicating danger, caution andmechanisms controlled by 'said electro-magnets respectively, saiddangersignal being controlled by one of said switchingmechanisms only and,each ofthe-other two signals beingr controlled by both ofsaidsw-itehing mechanisms, means for normally energizing saidelectro-magnets, all ofsaid apparatus being at one signalinggstation, `asecond vehicle controlled switch at ,a second station controlling one ofsaid electro-magnets, said switchin mechanisms `being so connectedwithsai ing mechanisms being so connected with `V 'said signals thatdenergization of the one 4. jof, said movable means l.having 41.4Signaling means comprising the coln4 -bination with -a vehiclecontrolled switch, of'

electro-magnets, y means may be caused to give any one of its Ithreeindications dependent upon the posi- .tions of said movable means, saidmovableJO signals that 'the denergization of Y one of saidelectroanagnets will"prev'ent theV display ofthe safetysignal and thedeenergization of the other of' said electrolmagnets will cause thedisplay ofthe dan-l ger signal and will prevent the dlsplay of thesafety signal.

42. The combination with a pair of electro-magnets at thesalne station,of movable means respectively operated thereby, each of said movablemeans having two opera- 60\ tive positions, a thieeindicatio'n signalingmeans controlled by said movable means, the magnetic circuits of said-1electro-magnets being independent of each other, and

vehicle controlled means vfor controlling said electro-magnets, wherebysaid lsignaling means may be caused to .give any one of itstlnec-indications dependent uponthe positions of said movable means,

43. .The combination with a pair of elecrtro-magnets at the samestatlon, o f movable ,means respectively operated thereby, each twooperative positions, a'tlree-lndicatlon signaling -means controlled bysaid movable` means,

vehicle controlled means for controlling said whereby said signalingmeans fiautomatically moving to such position when the. electro-magnetsare'denergized that the signaling means will display the 4danger signal.

'InV testimony whereof I have hereunto 75 aflixed my signature in thepresence of the two subscribing witnesses.Y

' CARL P.y NACHOD.

Witnesses:

FnonnNca RUSH, E. T. MCCALL.

Y'Gollflectmns lntetters Patet No. 1,223,413

` trolled It is hemllaiy oelftied that in Lottcrs Piment. No. 1,223,413,gra nted April 24, l1491"?, upon" tihe application of Carl 1. Nuclmd, ofPhiladelphia, Pennsylanin., for Vun improvement-in "Sigimling Sysicms,errors apbear in the printed spcoification A. yeqiring correction :isfollows: Page 7, line 73, claim lll), aftor'the word` sgnalsl inscrtzncommu; ruime pago, lilc 41231, 13, st'rikeoin the words vehiclc conamllibanl the,V said Letters Patent should be road with these corrections@herein that'. the same muy conform to thc record .of the crise in thePatent Office.

Signcd and sealed this 29th day'of May, A. D., 1917.

[.L 1f. w. 1-1. CLAY,

. l Acting Commissioner ofPaunts. (21,246 a.

